Which financial document summarizes a company’s revenues and expenses during a specific period?

The income statement is the financial document that summarizes a company’s revenues and expenses over a specific period. It provides a clear overview of the company's operational performance, detailing how much money the company has earned and spent within that timeframe. This statement is essential for stakeholders, as it helps assess profitability by indicating whether the company is generating a profit or incurring a loss during the period analyzed.

In contrast, the balance sheet focuses on a company's financial position at a single point in time, detailing assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity rather than revenues and expenses over a period. The cash flow statement, meanwhile, deals with the inflows and outflows of cash, highlighting how cash is generated and used, but it does not directly summarize revenues and expenses. The shareholder statement is not a common term in financial reporting and may refer to communications or reports about shareholder equity rather than summarizing a company’s operational performance through revenues and expenses.