In terms of loans, what does a more senior loan typically require?

A more senior loan typically requires more covenants and liens because it represents a higher priority in the capital structure. Senior loans are considered less risky for lenders as they are repaid before subordinated debt in the event of a default. To mitigate risk, lenders will often impose stricter covenants, which are conditions that the borrower must adhere to. These covenants can include financial performance metrics, restrictions on additional debt, and requirements for maintaining certain financial ratios.

Additionally, senior loans usually involve liens, which are legal claims on the borrower's assets that provide the lender with a secured interest. By requiring more covenants and liens, lenders protect their investment and ensure that the borrower's financial practices remain stable, thus reducing the risk associated with lending at this level of priority.

The other answer choices reflect aspects that are generally less characteristic of senior loans. For instance, fewer covenants and liens would typically apply to more subordinate financing, while more equity participation might be necessary in higher-risk loans. Higher interest rates are usually associated with riskier loans, not senior ones which typically charge lower rates due to their lower risk profile.